香梨杂种后代花粉发育类型及其花药的解剖学研究

对4个组合35个香梨F1代单株的花粉发育状况进行了考察,并结合花粉量调查对F1代群体的典型单株进行了花药解剖研究。结果表明:(1)香梨杂种后代的花粉发育类型大致可分为3种类型,即正常发育型、少粒空壳型和完全败育型,其中雄性不育类型(少粒空壳型和完全败育型)占到整个杂交后代株系的42.8%。(2)花药解剖观察显示导致花粉空粒化进而完全解体的主要原因是药壁组织的异常发育。推测梨的雄性不育性可能受1对纯合的隐性基因控制,人为杂交导致的基因重组使隐性基因纯合后在杂交后代中高频率表达;同时发现,其花粉发育也受环境影响,树体的营养状况可影响花粉的发育进程。     

小麦新型细胞质雄性不育类型的研究

从普通小麦中国春细胞核置换到小麦属和山羊草属不同细胞质的同核异质稳定系中,筛选出１０个全不育的细胞质雄性不育类型,对它们一些主要特性的研究结果表明：（１）各不育类型在小孢子败育埋藏和特点上无显著差异;但雄蕊心皮化频率因细胞质不同差异显著;（２）各不育类型的生长特性、抗病性、光合特性主要农艺性状等因细胞质不同具有不同的表现;（３）在供试的各不育类型中,拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、阿拉拉特小麦,野生二粒小麦和菇     

光周期诱导光敏感核不育水稻花药蛋白变化的研究

采用双向电脉技术对不同光周期条件下,光敏感核不育水稻（农垦５８ｓ）的可育与不育花药蛋白的变化进行分析,发现花粉发育的不同阶段中,不育花药具有四个特异蛋白ｐＩ６．２／ｂＭＷ７０ＫＤ,ｐＩ６．２／ＭＷ６８ＫＤ,ｐＩ６．２／ＭＷ３８ＫＤ和ｐＩ７．４／ＭＷ３７ＫＤ．对游离组蛋白的分析表明．长日照诱导的不育花药中游离组蛋白的相对百分率均明显低于短日照下的可育花药．据此推测长日照诱导不百花药蛋白质组成和代谢变化．不育花药中游离组蛋白含量低,可能受ＤＮＡ合成数量少的影响．     

HPGMR农垦58s光敏感期叶片中阳离子过氧化物酶的变化

以逐垦５８ｓ水稻为材料,用分光光度法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了５８ｓ在１０ｈ／ｄ短日照（５８ｓ－ＳＤ）和自然不育长日照（１４．１２ｈ／ｄ左右,５８ｓ－ＮＤ）条件下,育性转换光敏感期,阳离子过氧化物酶活性同工酶的变化。结果表明,在育性转换期阳离子过氧化物酶活性随幼穗发育时期的推进而升高,在ＮＤ条件下,酶活性升高更快。在所测定的２上时期中,收丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱可以况５８ｓ－ＳＤ和５８ｓ－ＮＤ均有５     

Searching for tagged male-sterile mutants of arabidopsis

Although many male-sterile mutants have been identified inArbidopsis thaliana, few of the corresponding genes have been cloned. In order to facilitate cloning of a male sterility gene, 23 of Feldmann's T-DNA-generated, reduced-fertility lines were screened to identify a tagged male-sterile mutation. Malesterile mutants were identified, as well as mutants that were both male and female sterile. Segregation of the kanamycin marker gene in the progeny of 15 of these lines was studied. Forty percent had functional T-DNAs (encoding resistance to kanamycin) inserted at a single locus, the remainder segregating for two or more functional T-DNA inserts. Linkage between T-DNA inserts and mutant phenotype was tested for six lines. In three of these lines, mutations were not linked to a T-DNA insert. In three lines, the mutation segregated with a T-DNA insert.     

The leaf anatomy of the genus Galanthus L. (Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil.)

The leaf anatomy of the genus Galanthus is described from transverse sections of the leaf and epidermal preparations, with the objective of identifying systematic information. Eight characters are identified as having the potential to provide data for grouping species and subspecies; six of these characters are reported here for the first time. Some of these characters, alone or in combination with other anatomical data, are useful for looking at the relationships between taxbnomically difficult species. Our results are compared with the classifications of Artjushenko, which are based on anatomical and morphological data.     

云烟85胞质雄性不育烟草雄蕊发生的细胞学观察

雄性不育烟草MS云烟85的雄性败育发生在雄蕊原基分化后至孢原细胞形成前,在开放花朵中常能见到败育的雄蕊,其特征是花丝缩短,花药畸形、内无花粉或花粉空瘪。与正常烟草(保持系)子房由2心皮组成不同,雄性不育烟草MS云烟85子房都由3心皮组成。     

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S发育过程中药壁超微结构和Ca2+分布的变化

利用焦锑酸钾沉淀法分析光敏感核不育水稻农垦58S药壁超微结构和Ca²⁺分布的变化,发现在长日照条件下,药壁绒粘层细胞和药壁中Ca²⁺从花粉母细胞时期开始出现异常;随着花药的发育,药壁中Ca²⁺沉淀增加,主要分布在绒粘层细胞和乌氏体表面,长日照条件下不能很好地形成乌氏体,且乌氏体表面Ca²⁺沉淀要比短日照条件下少。